Phases of Team Development using Tuckman’s model

Each group creates its own dynamics. In 1965, Bruce Tuckman formed a model of psychological development of a group which is necessary and inevitable in order to develop, be able to face challenges, solve problems, search for solutions and create results in work. By understanding these stages, we can help our team reach stability and successful functioning more quickly.

The first phase, called Forming, is the initial phase where a group is formed by individuals who are still unsure of the way and direction in which they should act, and are looking for a leader who will provide them with answers, stability, and security. The group still learns about each other.

In the second phase of Storming, if the team does not see and feel that things are stabilizing, they start to rebel against such a way and discord may occur. They begin to question the way they are led and the mission of the team. When roles and responsibilities are not clearly defined, frustration can easily arise. They feel like not making the progress they believed they could make given their abilities. This is a stage that can become very dangerous if allowed to go on for too long. Team members lose motivation and question whether they are even in the right place for them.

Over time, the team enters the Norming phase. This means that they recognize each other's weaknesses as well as their strengths and begin to accept each other and respect the authority of a leader. The team develops cohesion and contributes to set differences aside.

In the Performing phase, the ability to effectively create as a team appears. Tasks are performed in an open atmosphere with trust. Together with hard work and structured processes, the team is likely to achieve its goals efficiently.

The last stage is Adjourning in which, most of the team's goals have been accomplished. The emphasis is on wrapping up final tasks and documenting the effort and results. The team recognizes change and provides an opportunity for acknowledgments. This stage can be difficult for those who have enjoyed the work and bonded with the team members.

Deidre Tofano made a great video on her YouTube channel Agile Leadership: "Learn about the five phases here, nerdily, by watching how the Fellowship of the Ring gets together."